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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biologyscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Тимирязевский биологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Timiryazev Biological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/2949-4710-2024-2-3-84-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biologyscience-173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>4 - ЗООЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>4 - ZOOLOGY, HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кальций как фактор структурирования энтеральной среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Calcium as a factor in structuring the enteral flora</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2408-0776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ксенофонтов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ksenofontov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Анатольевич Кcенофонтов, заведующий кафедрой физиологии, этологии и биохимии животных, д-р биол. наук, доцент</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Ksenofontov, DSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Animal Physiology, Ethology and Biochemistry</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dksenofontov@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-2326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ксенофонтова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ksenofontova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анжелика Александровна Ксенофонтова, доцент кафедры кормления животных, канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelika A. Ksenofontova, CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Animal Feeding</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tmetre@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ксенофонтов Д.А., Ксенофонтова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ксенофонтов Д.А., Ксенофонтова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ksenofontov D.A., Ksenofontova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/173">https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/173</self-uri><abstract><p>В экспериментах на животных разных видов проведены исследования по изучению показателей метаболизма кальция на уровне тонкого и толстого отделов кишечника. У моно- и полигастричных животных методом центрифугирования изучали фракционный состав химуса и определяли концентрацию кальция в его экзогенных и эндогенных компонентах методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрофотометрии. Методом малоугловой дифракции проведен рентгеноструктурный анализ нативного химуса из разных отделов пищеварительного тракта кроликов, фиксированного на пленке. Установлено, что по мере продвижения по кишечнику в химусе и его эндогенной фракции уровень кальция возрастает с преобладающей относительной долей среди других минеральных элементов. На рентгенограммах получены дифракционные максимумы, превышающие по ширине размеры истинных кристаллов и характерные для аморфных кристаллических веществ. Сделано заключение об общебиологическом феномене депонирования кальция эндогенными структурами химуса для формирования наноупорядоченного каркаса энтероплазмы. Установленные в ходе экспериментов закономерности энтерального обмена кальция у животных разных видов имеют научную значимость в плане изучения механизмов его гомеостаза в организме и практическую ценность в области уточнения норм минерального питания с учетом значительной кумуляции кальция эндогенными компонентами тонкого и толстого отделов кишечника. Рентгеноструктурный анализ химуса дополняет теоретическую базу в концепции полосного пищеварения и позволяет провести предварительную оценку его физико-химических свойств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Experiments were carried out on animals of different species to study the parameters of calcium metabolism at the level of the small and large intestines. In monogastric and polygastric animals, the fractional composition of chyme was studied by centrifugation and the concentration of calcium in its exogenous and endogenous components was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. An analysis of native chyme from different parts of the rabbit intestine was carried out by X-ray structural analysis using the small-angle diffraction method. It was found that as the chyme and its endogenous fraction move along the intestine, the calcium content increases with a predominant relative proportion of other mineral elements. Diffraction maxima exceeding the width of true crystals and characteristic of amorphous crystalline substances were obtained on X-ray patterns. The general biological phenomenon of calcium deposition in endogenous structures of chyme to form a nano-ordered framework of enteroplasm was inferred. The regularities of enteral calcium metabolism in animals of different species established during the experiments are of scientific importance for the study of the mechanisms of its homeostasis in the body and of practical value in the field of setting mineral nutritional standards, taking into account the significant calcium accumulation by endogenous components of the small and large intestines. The X-ray structural analysis of chyme complements the theoretical basis of the strip digestion concept and allows for a preliminary assessment of its physicochemical properties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечник</kwd><kwd>химус</kwd><kwd>кальций</kwd><kwd>рентгеноструктурный анализ</kwd><kwd>атомно-абсорбционная спектрофотометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>chyme</kwd><kwd>calcium</kwd><kwd>X-ray structural analysis</kwd><kwd>atomic absorption spectrophotometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wawrzyniak N., Suliburska J. Nutritional and health factors affecting the bioavailability of calcium: a narrative review. Nutrition Reviews. 2021;79(12):1307-1320. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wawrzyniak N., Suliburska J. 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