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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biologyscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Тимирязевский биологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Timiryazev Biological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/2949-4710-2025-3-1-4-05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biologyscience-231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>4 - ЗООЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>4 - ZOOLOGY, HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возрастная структура и особенности роста краснобрюхой жерлянки (Bombina bombina, Amphibia, Anura, Bombinatoridae) в Калининградской области (восток Балтийского региона, Россия)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age structure and growth features of the fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina, Amphibia, Anura, Bombinatoridae) in Kaliningrad Oblast (East Baltic Region, Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-5279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иволга</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivolga</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Александрович Иволга, ассистент кафедры зоологии</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Ivolga, Assistant at the Department of Zoology</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanivolga@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6199-4717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальнов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malnov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниил Андреевич Мальнов, студент Института зоотехнии и биологии</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil A. Malnov, student of the Institute of Zootechnics and Biology</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malnovdan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-7327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратова</surname><given-names>Т. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Эдуардовна Кондратова, ассистент кафедры зоологии</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana E. Kondratova, Assistant at the Department of Zoology</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.kondratova@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9328-2470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кидов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kidov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Александрович Кидов, заведующий кафедрой зоологии, доктор биологических наук, доцент</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Kidov, CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Zoology</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kidov@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>202531405</fpage><lpage>202531405</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иволга Р.А., Мальнов Д.А., Кондратова Т.Э., Кидов А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иволга Р.А., Мальнов Д.А., Кондратова Т.Э., Кидов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivolga R.A., Malnov D.A., Kondratova T.E., Kidov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/231">https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/231</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты изучения возраста и роста краснобрюхой жерлянки (Bombina bombina) методом скелетохронологии. 30 взрослых животных были отловлены в нерестовом водоеме в I декаде мая 2024 г. в окрестностях пос. Большаковское Багратионовского района Калининградской области (Россия). Возраст изученных животных составил 2 года – 6 лет, в среднем 3,90 года. Модальный возраст жерлянок составлял 3,5 года (66%). Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни (ESP) после достижения половой зрелости составляла 3,5 года при годовой выживаемости особей (S) 0,663. Авторы отмечают, что в работах после 1990-х гг. отмечено снижение максимального возраста в популяциях краснобрюхих жерлянок. По всей видимости, данные изменения вызваны не столько ухудшением состояния популяций, сколько сменой методики исследований. Средняя и предельная длина у жерлянок из Калининградской области была больше, чем у животных из Франции, Дании, Польши, Закарпатья и Прикарпатья, Румынии, Болгарии, Турции, Республики Мордовии, Республики Татарстан, Самарской области, Западного Предкавказья, Центрального Предкавказья. Предполагается, что увеличенные показатели роста могут являться адаптивным ответом на существование в условиях пессимума ареала.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents the results of a study on the age and growth of the fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) using skeletochronology. Thirty adult toads were captured from a spawning pond during the first decade of May 2024 near Bolshakovskoe settlement in the Bagrationovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. The age of the sampled toads ranged from 2 to 6 years, with a mean age of 3.90 years. The modal age was 3.5 years (66%). Post-maturity life expectancy (ESP) was 3.5 years, with an annual survival rate (S) of 0.663. The authors noted that studies conducted since the 1990s indicate a decrease in the maximum age observed in fire-bellied toad populations. This apparent change is likely attributable to methodological differences rather than a decline in population health. The mean body length and the asymptotic size of the fire-bellied toads from Kaliningrad Oblast were greater than those reported for populations in France, Denmark, Poland, Subcarpathia and Transcarpathia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Samara Oblast, Western Ciscaucasia, and Central Ciscaucasia. It is hypothesized that accelerated growth rates may represent an adaptive response to suboptimal habitat conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бесхвостые земноводные</kwd><kwd>продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>демография</kwd><kwd>скелетохронология</kwd><kwd>Калининградская область</kwd><kwd>краснобрюхая жерлянка</kwd><kwd>возрастная структура популяции краснобрюхой жерлянки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tailless amphibians</kwd><kwd>lifespan</kwd><kwd>demography</kwd><kwd>skeletochronology</kwd><kwd>Kaliningrad Oblast</kwd><kwd>fire-bellied toad</kwd><kwd>age structure of fire-bellied toad population</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Программы развития РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева в рамках Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was financially supported by the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy through its Program of Strategic Academic Leadership “Priority-2030”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luedtke J.A., Chanson J., Neam K., Hobin L. et al. Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats. Nature. 2023;622:308-314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06851-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luedtke J.A., Chanson J., Neam K., Hobin L. et al. Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats. 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