<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biologyscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Тимирязевский биологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Timiryazev Biological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/2949-4710-2025-3-3-1-01</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biologyscience-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>1 - БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ, ЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>1 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, ECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности размещения колоний грача (Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758) в разных типах городской застройки города Костанай</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of rook (Corvus frugilegus) colony distribution in different types of urban development in Kostanay</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-9082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragina</surname><given-names>Tatiana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брагина Татьяна Михайловна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры естественно-научных дисциплин, Костанайский региональный университет имени Ахмет Байтұрсынұлы;</p><p>главный научный сотрудник Азово-Черноморского филиала ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» («АзНИИРХ»)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana M. Bragina, DSc (Biol), Professor, Professor at the Department of Natural Sciences, Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University; Chief Research Associate, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Azov-Black Sea Branch of VNIRO (AzNIIRKH)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tm_bragina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyova</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Леонидовна Воробьёва, магистрант 2 курса по образовательной программе (ОП) - Геоэкология и управление природопользованием (7M05201), Костанайский региональный университет имени Ахмет Байтұрсынұлы; 110000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L Vorobyova, 2nd year Master's degree student in Geoecology and Environmental Management (7M05201), Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga2018vrbv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Костанайский региональный университет имени Ахмет Байтурсынулы; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии (ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»), Азово-Черноморский филиал ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» («АзНИИРХ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University; Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Azov-Black Sea Branch</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Костанайский региональный университет имени Ахмет Байтурсынулы</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>282</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Брагина Т.М., Воробьева О.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брагина Т.М., Воробьева О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bragina T.M., Vorobyova O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/282">https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/282</self-uri><abstract><p>Врановые птицы (Corvidae) представляют собой одну из наиболее заметных и адаптивных групп городской орнитофауны. Их высокая численность, экологическая пластичность и способность к адаптации к антропогенным ландшафтам оказывают значительное влияние на биоценозы урбанизированных территорий, что определяет актуальность их изучения. Целью работы является анализ предпочтений грачей (Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758) в выборе мест гнездования в различных типах городской застройки города Костанай и этапов их гнездового периода. Учет проводился на пробных площадках, включающих в себя три категории территорий: жилая зона, парковые зоны и дачные участки. В ходе исследований фиксировались количество гнезд, их расположение, высота, используемые древесные породы и временные этапы гнездования, начиная строительством гнезд и заканчивая вылетом слетков птиц. Из 74 зарегистрированных гнезд 39.2% располагались в жилой зоне, 60.8% – в парках. В дачных массивах гнезда не выявлены. Большинство гнезд (87.8%) было заселено. Основными субстратами гнездования являлись высокорослые тополя, редко – сосны и березы. Наблюдалась тенденция выбора деревьев с хорошо развитой кроной – с высотой расположения гнезд около 15 м. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о предпочтении грачами определенных типов городской застройки и древесных пород для гнездования в городе Костанай, что может быть использовано для разработки мероприятий по управлению популяциями врановых и сохранению биоразнообразия городских экосистем.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Corvidae represent one of the most prominent and adaptable groups of urban avifauna. Their high abundance, ecological plasticity, and ability to adapt to anthropogenic landscapes significantly influence the biocenoses of urbanized areas, highlighting the relevance of their study. The aim of this study is to analyze the nesting preferences of rooks (Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758) in selecting nesting sites across various types of urban development in the city of Kostanay and the stages of their nesting period. Observations were conducted on trial sites that included three categories of territories: residential areas, park areas, and suburban areas. During the research, the number of nests, their location, height, utilized tree species, and timing of nesting stages, from nest construction to fledging of chicks, were recorded. Of the 74 registered nests, 39.2% were located in residential areas, while 60.8% were found in parks. No nests were identified in suburban areas. The majority of nests (87.8%) were inhabited. The primary nesting substrates were tall poplars, with rarer occurrences of pines and birches. A trend was noted towards selecting trees with well-developed crowns, with nest heights averaging around 15 m. The results indicate a preference among rooks for specific types of urban development and tree species for nesting in the city of Kostanay, which can be utilized in developing management strategies for corvid populations and conserving biodiversity in urban ecosystems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Грач</kwd><kwd>городская среда</kwd><kwd>гнездовые колонии</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd><kwd>Костанай</kwd><kwd>гнездование</kwd><kwd>синантропизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rook</kwd><kwd>urban environment</kwd><kwd>breeding colonies</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>Kostanay</kwd><kwd>nesting</kwd><kwd>synanthropization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuliseva Yu.I., Melnikov E.Yu. The spatial distribution of corvid nests in the urbanized environmental components (using the example of the Kirovsky District of Saratov). Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2023;23(2):227-235. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-2-227-235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuliseva YU.I., Mel'nikov E.YU. The spatial distribution of corvid nests in the urbanized environmental components (using the example of the Kirovsky district of Saratov). Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2023;23(2):227-235. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-2-227-235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heldbjerg H., Pedersen C.L., Therkildsen O.R., Bregnballe T. et al. The lure of the big city: smaller Danish rookeries are increasingly associated with urban land cover. Urban Ecosystems. 2023;26:1355-1366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01372-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heldbjerg H., Pedersen C.L., Therkildsen O.R. et al. The lure of the big city: smaller Danish rookeries are increasingly associated with urban land cover. Urban Ecosyst. 2023;26:1355–1366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01372-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abou Zeid F., Morelli F., Ibáñez-Álamo J.D., Díaz M. et al. Spatial overlap and habitat selection of corvid species in European cities. Animals. 2023;13(7):1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abou Zeid F., Morelli F., Ibáñez-Álamo J.D., Díaz M. et al. Spatial Overlap and Habitat Selection of Corvid Species in European Cities. Animals. 2023;13(7):1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zbyryt A., Zub K., Mitrus C. The development of the rook’s (Corvus frugilegus) colony in the face of shifting spring phenology. Avian Research. 2022;13(2):100029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zbyryt A., Zub K., Mitrus C. The development of the Rook’s (Corvus frugilegus) colony in the face of shifting spring phenology. Avian Research. 2022;13(2):100029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poluda A.M., Dupak V.S., Markova A.O. Reduction of the breeding population of the rook, Corvus frugilegus (Aves, Corvidae), in Ukraine: the example of the Eastern part of the Kyiv Region. Zoodiversity. 2023;57(3):223-234. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.03.223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poluda A.M., Dupak V.S., Markova A.O. Reduction of the Breeding Population of the Rook, Corvus frugilegus (Aves, Corvidae), in Ukraine: the Example of the Eastern Part of the Kyiv Region. Zoodiversity. 2023;57(3):223–234. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.03.223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolyakina N.N. Some adaptations of corvids to living on urban areas. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 2014;16(5-1):473-475. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolyakina N.N. Some adaptations of corvids to living on urban areas. Izvestiâ Samarskogo naučnogo centra Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2014;16(5-1):473-475. (In Russ.) EDN: TVWSMH</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreev V.A. Long-term dynamics of the colonies of the rook Corvus frugilegus in Arkhangelsk and its suburban areas. Russkiy ornitologicheskiy zhurnal. 2018;27(1659):4208-4211. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreev V.A. Long-term dynamics of the colonies of the rook Corvus frugilegus in Arkhangelsk and its suburban areas. Russkij ornitologičeskij žurnal. 2018;27(1659):4208-4211. (In Russ.) EDN: XVJHAL</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chernyshev A.A., Kazakov S.G., Dolgaleva D.I. Distribution of nesting colonies of rook (Corvus frugilegus) in Kursk. Auditorium. 2021;(2(30)):32-41. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyshev A.A., Kazakov S.G., Dolgaleva D.I. Distribution of nesting colonies of rook (Corvus frugilegus) in Kursk. Auditorium. 2021;(2(30)):32-41. (In Russ.) EDN: MHTKRG</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gladkova D.A., Shvets O.V. Distribution and ecology of representatives of Corvidae birds in Bolokhovo, Tula region. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Estestvennye nauki. 2020;(4):96-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2071-6176-2020-10411</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladkova D.A., Shvets O.V. Distribution and ecology of representatives of Corvidae birds in Bolokhovo, Tula region. News of the Tula state university. Natural sciences. 2020;(4):96-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2071-6176-2020-10411</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korotkova T.B., Poddubnaya N.Ya., Vanicheva P.E. Features of corvid nesting in Cherepovets. Russkiy ornitologicheskiy zhurnal. 2020;29(1967):3994-3998. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotkova T.B., Poddubnaya N.Ya., Vanicheva P.E. Features of corvid nesting in Cherepovets. Russkij ornitologičeskij žurnal. 2020;29(1967):3994-3998. (In Russ.) EDN: BFGTSG</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dombrovsky K.Yu. The current state of nesting colonies of the rook Corvus frugilegus on the territory of Krasnoe Selo - Duderhof (southern outskirts of St. Petersburg). Russkiy ornitologicheskiy zhurnal. 2020;29(2008):5782-5785. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dombrovsky K.Yu. The current state of nesting colonies of the rook Corvus frugilegus on the territory of Krasnoe Selo - Duderhof (southern outskirts of St. Petersburg). Russkij ornitologičeskij žurnal. 2020;29(2008):5782-5785. (In Russ.) EDN: CLDRKQ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakhvon V.V. Species composition of urban green spaces as factor affecting selection of nest sites by corvids. Proceeedings of BSTU. Issue 1, Forestry, Nature Management, Processing of Renewable Resources. 2021;(2(246)):149-156. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52065/2519-402X-2021-246-18-149–156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakhvon V.V. Species composition of urban green spaces as factor affecting selection of nest sites by corvids. Trudy BGTU. Seriâ 1. Lesnoe hozâjstvo, prirodopolʹzovanie i pererabotka vozobnovlâemyh resursov. 2021;(2(246)):149-156. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52065/2519-402X-2021-246-18-149–156</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilyukh M.P. Distribution, number, and ecology of crows in Stavropol. Education and science in the modern context. Cheboksary, Russia: Scientific Cooperation Centre "Interactive plus", 2019:12-16. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Il'yukh M.P. Razmeshchenie, chislennost' i ekologiya vranovykh ptits goroda Stavropolya [Distribution, Number, and Ecology of Crows in Stavropol]. XI International Research-to-practice conference “Education and science in the modern context”, Cheboksary, December 20, 2019. Cheboksary: SCC “Interactive plus”, LLC, 2019:12–16. (In Russ.) EDN: RMILWY</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bragina T.M., Rulyova M.M., Khristinetskiy D.V. Wintering birds of Kostanay and its surroundings in the abnormally warm winter of 2025. Publishings KSPI. 2025;(3(79)):119-125. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bragina T.M., Rulyova M.M., Khristinetskiy D.V. Wintering birds of Kostanay and its surroundings in the abnormally warm winter of 2025. Publishings KSPI (Vestnik KGPI). 2025; 3(79): 119-125. (In Russ.) EDN DEVGJG</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
