biologyscienceТимирязевский биологический журналTimiryazev Biological Journal2949-4710ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева)10.26897/2949-4710-2026-4-1-4-02biologyscience-310Research Article4 - ЗООЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ЖИВОТНЫХ4 - ZOOLOGY, HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYВлияние занятий разными видами двигательной деятельности на биоэлектрическую активность миокарда у студентовEffect of different motor performance on myocardium bioelectric activity in studentshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-2983НикифороваОльга НиколаевнаNikiforovaOlga N.

доцент кафедры физической культуры

Olga N. Nikiforova, CSc (Ed), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Physical Education

nikiforova@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-7531МаркинЭдуард ВасильевичMarkinEduard V.

заведующий кафедрой физической культуры

Eduard V. Markin, CSc (Ed), Associate Professor, Head of Department of the Physical Education

markin.ev@rgau-msha.ruРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation20261105202641402402Copyright © Никифорова О.Н., Маркин Э.В., 20262026Никифорова О.Н., Маркин Э.В.Nikiforova O.N., Markin E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/310

Цель исследований – выявление особенностей биоэлектрической активности миокарда студентов аграрного вуза в зависимости от характера двигательной активности на разных этапах обучения в вузе. Изучение биоэлектрической активности миокарда у студентов аграрного вуза осуществлялось по результатам расшифровки электрокардиограмм на протяжении первого и второго курсов в группах специализации по армрестлингу, волейболу и общей физической подготовке. На основе проведенных исследований наиболее информативными показателями биоэлектрической активности миокарда у студентов на разных этапах обучения являлись: степень выраженности синусовой аритмии (∆R-R = 0.25–0.50 c) характеристика интервалов RR, QT и амплитуды зубцов P, R, T, и суммарного вольтажа зубцов R в стандартных отведениях электрокардиограммы. Результаты выявленной динамики биоэлектрической активности миокарда у студентов позволили установить, что на 1 курсе наиболее эффективна программа занятий общей физической подготовкой по сравнению с занятиями в группах специализаций по армрестлингу или спортивным играм. К концу 2 курса было отмечено улучшение биоэлектрической активности и метаболических процессов в миокарде у студентов, занимающихся в группах спортивных специализаций.

The study aims to identify the characteristics of myocardium bioelectric activity in students of an agricultural university, depending on the nature of physical activity at different stages of their university studies. Myocardium bioelectric activity was assessed based on electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation during the first and second years of study, in groups specializing in arm wrestling, volleyball, and general physical training. Based on the study, the most informative indicators of myocardium bioelectric activity at different stages of study were: the degree of sinus arrhythmia (ΔR-R=0.25–0.50 s), characteristics of the RR and QT intervals, amplitudes of the P, R, and T waves, and total voltage of the R waves in standard ECG leads. Analysis of the dynamics of myocardium bioelectric activity revealed that in the first year, the general physical training program proved to be more effective than specialized training in arm wrestling or team sports. By the end of the second year, an improvement in the bioelectric activity and metabolic processes in the myocardium was observed among students engaged in specialized sports.

Студентыгруппы спортивной специализациимиокардэлектрокардиограммабиоэлектрическая активностьStudentssports specialization groupsmyocardiumelectrocardiogrambioelectric activityReferencesBayevsky R.M., Ivanov G.G. Cardiac rhythm variability: the theoretical aspects and the opportunities of clinical application (lecture). Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics. 2001;(3)108-127. (In Russ.)ReferencesBogdanova E.V., Belotserkovsky Z.B., Lyubina B.G., Borisova Yu.A. Dynamics of cardiac activity under isometric loads in athletes. Fiziologiya cheloveka. 2000;(1):70-76. (In Russ.)Bayevsky R.M., Ivanov G.G. (2007). Heart rate variability: fundamentals of the method and new directions. Moscow,Technosphere, 2007, pp. 473-496. (in Russian).Vanyushin Yu.S., Vanyushin M.Yu. Adaptation of athletes’ cardiorespiratory system. Russian Journal of Physiology. 2004;90(8):512-513. (In Russ.)Belotserkovsky Z.B., Lyubina B.G., Bogdanova E.V., Borisova Yu.A. Dynamics of cardiac activity under isometric loads in athletes // Human Physiology, 2000, vol. 26, no. 1, pp.70-76 (in Russian).Gavrilova E.A. The heart of an athlete. Actual problems of sports cardiology. Moscow, Russia: Sport, 2022:243. (In Russ.)Vanyushin Yu.S., Vanyushin M.Yu. Adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system of athletes // Russian Physiological Journal named after I.M.Sechenov, 2004, Part 1, vol.90, no.8, pp.512-513 (in Russian).Dembo A.G., Zemtsovsky E.V. Sports cardiology. Leningrad, USSR: Meditsina, Leningradskoe otdelenie, 1989:460. (In Russ.)Gavrilova E.A. The heart of an athlete. Actual problems of sports cardiology: monograph [Serdce sportsmena. Aktual'nye problemy sportivnoj kardiologii: monografiya]. Moscow, Sport, 2022, 243 p. (in Russian).Iordanskaya F.A. Mobile technologies in operational diagnostics of adaptation assessment to loads and urgent recovery in terms of training events. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2022;(2)54-63. (In Russ.)Dembo A.G., Zemtsovsky E.V. Sports cardiology [Sportivnaya kardiologiya]. Leningrad, Medicine, 1989, 463 p. (in Russian).Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z.B., Gudkov I.A. Testing in sports medicine. Moscow, USSR: Fizkultura i sport, 1988:206. (In Russ.)Jordanskaya F.A. Mobile technologies in operational diagnostics of assessment of adaptation to loads and urgent restoration of working capacity in conditions of training events. Bulletin of sports science, 2022. no. 2, pp. 54-63. (in Russian).Makarova G. A., Gurevich T.S., Achkasov E.E., Yuryev S.Yu. Athlete's electrocardiogram: norm, pathology and potentially dangerous zone. Moscow, Russia: Sport, Chelovek, 2018:254. (In Russ.)Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z.B., Gudkov I.A. Testing in sports medicine [Testirovanie v sportivnoj medicine]. Moscow, Physical culture and sport, 1988, 208 p. (in Russian).Nikiforova O.N., Zhurbina A.D., Bakulina E.D., Khoteeva M.V. Adaptation and functional capabilities of female footballers with hearing impairments based on their sports qualification and age. Teoriya i pracktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2021;(9):40-42. (In Russ.)Makarova G. A., Gurevich T.S., Achkasov E.E., Yuryev S. Yu. Athlete's electrocardiogram: norm, pathology and potentially dangerous zone: monograph [Elektrokardiogramma sportsmena: norma, patologiya i potencial'no opasnaya zona: monografiya]. Moscow: Sport, 2018б 256 p. URL: https://znanium.ru/catalog/product/1199200 (date of application 14.01.2026).Nikiforova O.N., Markin E.V., Fedorov I.G., Nikitchenko S.Yu. Changes in indicators of physical performance of students of an agricultural university with various physical activities. Teoriya i pracktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2024;(1):51-53. (In Russ.)Nikiforova O.N., Zhurbina A.D., Bakulina E.D., Khoteeva M.V. Adaptation and features of the functional capabilities of female football players with hearing impairments depending on qualifications and age // Theory and practice of physical culture, 2021, no. 9, pp. 40-42 (in Russian).Pavlov V.I., Ordzhonikidze Z.G., Druzhinin A.E., Ivanova Yu.M. Features of an athlete's ECG. Funktsionalnaya diagnostika. 2005;(4):65-74. (In Russ.)Nikiforova O.N., Markin E.V., Fedorov I.G., Nikitchenko S.Yu. Changes in indicators of physical performance of students of an agricultural university with various motor activity // Theory and practice of physical culture, 2024, no. 1, pp. 51-53. (in Russian).Perkhurov AM. Analysis of electrocardiogram of athletes. Moscow, Russia: Medpraktika, 2016:76. (In Russ.)Ordzhonikidze, Z. G. Features of an athlete's ECG [Osobennosti EKG sportsmena]. Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Sports Medicine, 2007. URL: http:// www.mnpcsm.ru (date of application 14.01.2026).Chumakova O.S., Isaeva M.Yu., Koroleva O.S., Zateishchikov D.A Contribution of electrocardiography to the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies and athletic heart syndrome. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3S):4023. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4023Perkhurov AM. Analysis of electrocardiogram of athletes: Text book of methods with practicum for physicians [Analiz elektrokardiogrammy sportsmenov: Metodicheskoe posobie s praktikumom dlya vrachej]. Moscow, Medpraktika, 2016, 76 p. (in Russian).Shlyk N.I. Heart rate variability and methods of its determination in athletes in the training process. Izhevsk, Russia: Udmurt State University, 2022:80. (In Russ.)Chumakova O.S., Isaeva M.Yu., Koroleva O.S., Zateishchikov D.A. The place of electrocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies and sports heart // Russian Journal of Cardiology, 2020, no. 25(3S): 4023. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4023Shuvalova N.V., Drandrov G.L., Lezhenina S.V. et al. Some physiological features of electrocardiogram indicators in athletes in adolescence. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2020;(3):81. (In Russ.)Shlyk N.I. Heart rate variability and methods of its determination in athletes in the training process: methodological handbook [Variabel'nost' serdechnogo ritma i metody ee opredeleniya u sportsmenov v trenirovochnom processe: metodicheskoe posobie]. Izhevsk , Udmurt University, 2022, 80 p. (in Russian).Maron B.J., Pelliccia A. The heart of trained athletes cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death circulation. Circulation. 2006;114(15):1633-1644. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613562Shuvalova N.V., Drandrov G.L., Lezhenina S.V., Karpunina A.V., Moskovsky A.V., Malova K.A., Rybin A.V. Some physiological features of ECG indicators in athletes in adolescence // Modern problems of science and education. – 2020. – № 3; URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=29902 (date of reference: 14.01.2026).Pelliccia A., Di Paolo F.M., Quattrini F.M. et al. Outcomes in athletes with marked ECG repolarization abnormalities. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358(2):152-161. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa060781Maron Barry J, Pelliccia A. The heart of trained athletes cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death circulation. NEJM. 2006, no. 114, pp. 1633–1644.Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Quattrini FM, et al. Outcomes in athletes with marked ECG repolarization abnormalities. NEJM. 2008, no. 358, pp. 152–161.Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Quattrini FM, et al. Outcomes in athletes with marked ECG repolarization abnormalities. NEJM. 2008, no. 358, pp. 152–161.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.