biologyscienceТимирязевский биологический журналTimiryazev Biological Journal2949-4710ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева)10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-77-93biologyscience-64Research ArticleФИЗИОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ, МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯPLANT PHYSIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGYФизиологические аспекты воздействия наночастиц на клетки растений и микроорганизмовPhysiological Aspects of Interaction of Nanoparticles with Plant and Microorganism Cellshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-2276ХлебниковаД. А.KhlebnikovaD. A.

Дарья Анатольевна Хлебникова, старший преподаватель, канд. биол. наук, кафедра биотехнологии

125500, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Darya A. Khlebnikova, CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology

49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

khlebnikova@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-5452ПоливановаО. Б.PolivanovaO. B.

Оксана Борисовна Поливанова, доцент, канд. биол. наук, кафедра биотехнологии

125500, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Oksana B. Polivanova, CSc (Bio), senior teacher, Department of Biotechnology

49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

polivanova@rgau-msha.ruБойцоваМ. В.BoytsovaM. V.

Маргарита Владимировна Бойцова, студент, направление подготовки 19.03.01 – Биотехнология

125500, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Margarita V. Boytsova, BSc-student, training program – 19.03.01 Biotechnology

49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

boytsoffmargaret07@yandex.ruЧеповойИ. И.ChepovoyI. I.

Илья Иванович Чеповой, студент, направление подготовки 19.03.01 – Биотехнология

125500, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Ilya I. Chepovoy, BSc-student, training program – 19.03.01 Biotechnology

49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

Ilya.chepovoy@gmail.comМунхбаатарН.-О.MunkhbaatarN.-O.

Нандин-Оюу Мунхбаатар, студент, направление подготовки 19.03.01 – Биотехнология

125500, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Nandin-Oyuu Munkhbaatar, BSc-student, training program – 19.03.01 Biotechnology

49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

nandikamunkhbaatar@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-9454ЧередниченкоМ. Ю.CherednichenkoM. Yu.

Михаил Юрьевич Чередниченко, доцент, и.о. заведующего кафедрой биотехнологии, канд. биол. наук, доцент

125500, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Mikhail Yu. Cherednichenko, CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Acting Head of the Department of Biotechnology

49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

cherednichenko@rgau-msha.ruРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation202331072023127793Copyright © Хлебникова Д.А., Поливанова О.Б., Бойцова М.В., Чеповой И.И., Мунхбаатар Н., Чередниченко М.Ю., 20232023Хлебникова Д.А., Поливанова О.Б., Бойцова М.В., Чеповой И.И., Мунхбаатар Н., Чередниченко М.Ю.Khlebnikova D.A., Polivanova O.B., Boytsova M.V., Chepovoy I.I., Munkhbaatar N., Cherednichenko M.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/64

Наночастицы – уникальные по физическим и химическим характеристикам материалы размером менее 100 нм, которые находят широкое применение в различных отраслях промышленности, медицины и сельского хозяйства. В агропромышленном комплексе наноматериалы используются в качестве наноудобрений и нанопестицидов, что обусловливает необходимость детального изучения физиологических, биохимических и молекулярно-генетических реакций на взаимодействие с наноматериалами со стороны клеток живых организмов – растений, грибов и животных. В статье приводится информация о механизмах поглощения, перемещения и молекулярного взаимодействия наночастиц в растительных организмах, а также о механизмах антибактериальной и фунгицидной активности наноматериалов. Опубликованные ранее исследования физиологических особенностей поглощения наночастиц растениями свидетельствуют о двух возможных путях проникновения их в растительный организм: апопластический и симпластический. Непосредственно в растительной клетке наночастицы проявляют свойства активных форм кислорода (АФК), вызывают оксидативный стресс и запускают ферментативные и неферментативные системы защиты, что может вызывать как угнетение физиологических процессов, так и стимулирование роста, развития и увеличения урожайности. Эффект для растительного организма является видоспецифичным, а также зависит от типа наноматериала и его рабочей концентрации. Для выявления особенностей действия того или иного наноматериала на определенный вид растений необходимы детальные лабораторные и полевые исследования с соблюдением всех норм токсикологической безопасности для избежания загрязнения окружающей среды наноматериалами. На клетки микроорганизмов наночастицы действуют как факторы физического и химического разрушения: нарушают проницаемость клеточной стенки и мембран органелл, конфигурацию белков, вызывают повреждения ДНК, что является причиной физического разрушения клетки. Данные свойства наночастиц лежат в основе их антимикробной и фунгицидной активности. Кроме того, действие на клетки микроорганизмов не является видоспецифичным, о чем необходимо помнить, используя наноматериалы при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур, жизнь и продуктивность которых во многом зависит от микроорганизмов-симбионтов.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials with unique physical and chemical properties that are less than 100 nm in size. They are widely used in various fields of industry, medicine and agriculture. In agribusiness nanomaterials are used as nanofertilisers and nanopesticides. This fact requires a detailed study of the physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic responses of cells of living organisms – plants, fungi and animals – to interaction with nanomaterials. This review article provides information on the mechanisms of nanoparticle absorption, movement and molecular interaction in plant organisms, as well as mechanisms of their antibacterial and fungicidal activity. Available scientific resources devoted to the physiological features of nanoparticle absorption by plants indicate two possible ways of their penetration into the plant organism – apoplastic and symplastic. In plant cells, nanoparticles act as reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and triggering enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence systems that result in both inhibition of physiological processes and stimulation of plant growth and development and, consequently, increased yield. The effect on the plant organism is species-specific and depends on the type of nanomaterial and its concentration. Detailed laboratory and field studies are required to determine the specific effect of nanomaterials on a particular plant species, while complying with all toxicological safety standards to avoid environmental contamination with nanomaterials. Nanoparticles act on microorganism cells as physical and chemical disruptors – they change the permeability of cell walls and organelle membranes, protein configuration, damage DNA, leading to physical destruction of cells. Such properties of nanoparticles define antimicrobial and fungicidal activities of nanoparticles. However, nanoparticles should be used cautiously in crop production, as both plant life and productivity depend largely on microbial symbionts, and their effect on microbial cells is not species-specific.

наночастицыфитотоксичнотьоксидативный стрессантимикробная активностьфунгицидная активностьnanoparticlesphytotoxicityoxidative stressantimicrobial activityfungicidal activityИсследование проведено при финансовой поддержке научно-исследовательских проектов в сфере импортозамещения «Продовольственный суверенитет» (приказ от 24 июня 2022 г. № 458а) в рамках реализации программы развития университета «Агропрорыв‑2030» программы академического стратегического лидерства «Приоритет‑2030».The study was funded by the Research Project of Import Substitution «Food Sovereignty» (Order № 458 dated 24.06.2022) within the framework of the «Agrobreakthrough‑2030» University Development Programme of the «Priority‑2030» Strategic Academic Leadership Programme.ReferencesAhmad A., Hashmi S.S., Palma José.M., Corpas F.J. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.