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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biologyscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Тимирязевский биологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Timiryazev Biological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/2949-4710-2023-1-23-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biologyscience-83</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>4 - ЗООЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>4 - ZOOLOGY, HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние неравномерности микроклимата в птичниках на респираторную систему сельскохозяйственной птицы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of Uneven Microclimates in Poultry Yards on the Respiratory System of Poultry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-7552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малородов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malorodov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Викторович Малородов, доцент кафедры частной зоотехнии, канд. с.-х. наук,</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Malorodov, CSc (Ag), Associate Professor of the Department of Special AnimalHusbandry,</p><p>49 Timi ryazevs kaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malorodov@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-9021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черепанова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherepanova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надежда Геннадьевна Черепанова, старший преподаватель кафедры морфологии и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda G. Cherepanova, senior lecturer of the Department of Morphology and Veterinary and Sanitary Examination</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ncherepanova@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное&#13;
государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University –&#13;
Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian&#13;
University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малородов В.В., Черепанова Н.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малородов В.В., Черепанова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malorodov V.V., Cherepanova N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/83">https://www.bioscience-journal.com/jour/article/view/83</self-uri><abstract><p>Дыхательная система птиц максимально приспособлена к высокой эффективности воздухообмена, необходимого для поддержания повышенного уровня обменных процессов. Слизь дыхательных путей играет важную роль в мукоцилиарном клиренсе. При нормальном состоянии дыхательной системы, без аллергических и воспалительных реакций увеличение количества слизи и структур, которые ее производят, может интерпретироваться как положительный факт, но слишком большое количество слизи может быть ответом на раздражение слизистой и способствует обструкции дыхательных путей. В результате двух исследований, повторяющих друг друга, подтверждена зависимость состояния стенки трахеи у бройлеров кросса Ross-308 от циркуляции воздуха в производственных помещениях. Обеспечение циркуляции воздушных потоков в залах выращивания птицы положительно влияет на гистологическую и гистохимическую структуру трахеи. В первом опыте об этом достоверно свидетельствует увеличение толщины эпителиального слоя в 1,3 раза (на 23,3%) и высоты ресничек в 3,1 раза (на 67,5%). Во втором опыте это подтверждается увеличением высоты эпителия на 40% и высоты слоя ресничек на 70%. Кроме того, гистологическая картина слизистой соответствует норме, отсутствуют нарушения целостности эпителия, реснички ровные, без деформаций и заломов. С обеспечением циркуляции воздушных потоков в закрытых помещениях в первом опыте толщина слизистой оболочки трахеи уменьшается в 2,6 раза (на 61,9%), а толщина собственной пластинки – в 2,9 раза (на 65,4%). Во втором опыте такая закономерность в собственной пластинке не обнаружена, но деструктивные изменения слизистой оболочки трахеи, увеличение количества гликопротеидов и протеогликанов в опытных группах подтверждают влияние фактора вентиляции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The respiratory system of birds is maximally adapted to the high efficiency of air exchange necessary to maintain an increased level of metabolic processes. The mucus of the respiratory tract plays an important role in mucociliary clearance, in the normal state of the respiratory system, without allergic and inflammatory reactions, an increase in the amount of mucus and the structures that produce it can be interpreted as a positive fact, but too much mucus can be a response to mucosal irritation and contributes to airway obstruction. As a result of two studies repeating each other, the dependence of the state of the tracheal wall in Ross-308 cross broilers on air circulation in industrial premises was confirmed. Ensuring the circulation of air flows in poultry rearing halls has a positive effect on the histological and histochemical structure of the trachea. In the first experiment, this is reliably evidenced by an increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer by 1.3 times (by 23.3%) and the height of the cilia by 3.1 times (by 67.5%). In the second experiment, this is confirmed by an increase in the height of the epithelium by 40% and the height of the cilia layer by 70%. In addition, the histological picture of the mucosa corresponds to the norm, there are no violations of the integrity of the epithelium, the cilia are smooth, without deformations and creases. With the provision of air circulation in closed rooms in the first experiment, the thickness of the tracheal mucosa decreases by 2.6 times (by 61.9%), and its own plate by 2.9 times (by 65.4%). In the second experiment, no such pattern was found in the own plate, but destructive changes in the tracheal mucosa, an increase in the number of glycoproteins and proteoglycans in the experimental groups confirm the influence of the ventilation factor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторная система</kwd><kwd>вентиляция</kwd><kwd>микроклимат</kwd><kwd>птичник</kwd><kwd>бройлер</kwd><kwd>трахея</kwd><kwd>слизистая оболочка</kwd><kwd>слизь дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>деструктивные изменения слизистой оболочки трахеи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory system</kwd><kwd>ventilation</kwd><kwd>microclimate</kwd><kwd>poultry</kwd><kwd>broiler</kwd><kwd>trachea</kwd><kwd>mucous membrane</kwd><kwd>airway mucus</kwd><kwd>destructive changes of tracheal mucosa</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho O., Gonçalves C. 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