Apple production: area, gross yield, productivity in the world and main countries

At present, the location of fruit and berry production in specific regions and countries of the world is determined by natural and climatic conditions and the biological characteristics of the crops concerned. Apples are one of the most important fruits in the world, both in terms of production volume and international trade parameters. For some countries, including Russia, they are the basis for the formation of the corresponding product balance for fruit and berry products. In this regard, the authors set the goal of analyzing the trends in the development of apple orchards for 2011‑2021 in the world as a whole and in the countries ranked in the top 20 by a number of indicators: harvested area of apple orchards, gross yield and productivity. Based on FAO statistics, it was found that over this period, the global harvested area of apple orchards decreased from 4.961 million ha to 4.822 million ha. However, it increased from 0.289 million ha to 0.313 million ha in India, which ranks second behind China, and from 0.188 million ha to 0.225 million ha in Russia (third in this ranking). These three countries will rank first, fifth and seventh in terms of gross apple yield in 2021. At the same time, the production of this seed fruit in Russia increased from 1.198 to 2.216 million tons between 2011 and 2021, i.e. by a factor of 1.85. In terms of productivity, none of these three countries was among the top 20 for this indicator. In order to strengthen Russia’s food security in fruit and berry products, it is necessary to further promote the development of domestic apple horticulture on the basis of intensive technologies.

1. Mukhametzyanov R.R., Platonovskiy N.G., Khe¬zhev A.M. et al. Volume, subjects and trends of international trade in fruit and berry products. International Agricultural Journal. 2022;65(3). (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2022_6_3_26

2. Khezhev A.M., Britik E.V., Platonovskiy N.G. et al. Changes in the parameters of international trade in fruit and berry products. Stolypin annals. 2022;4(2). (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.55186/27131424_2022_4_2_12

3. Velibekova L.A. Horticulture production as a condition for preserving public health and food security in the EAEU member states. AIC: Economics, Management. 2023;1:96-109.(In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33305/231-96

4. Mukhametzianov R.R., Korolkov A.F., Ostapchuk T.V., Ivantsova N.N. Gross harvest of citrus worldwide and in the main countries-producers. Ekonomika, trud, upravlenie v sel’skom khozyaystve. 2021;5(74):133-143. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33938/215-133

5. Mukhametzyanov R.R., Platonovskiy N.G., Arzamastseva N.V. et al. Dynamics of gross harvest of nuts in the world and in the main producing countries. Ekonomika sel’skokhozyaystvennykh i pererabatyvayushchikh predpriyatiy. 2021;12:63-73. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-12-63-73

6. Mukhametzyanov R.R., Fedorchuk A.I.M.E., Platonovskiy N.G. et al. South America in the global fruit and berry market. International Agricultural Journal. 2021;64(6). (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/2588-0209-2021-10402

7. Mukhametzyanov R.R., Platonovskiy N.G., Kovaleva E.V. et al. Factors, parameters and importance of horticulture development in ensuring global food security. Moscow Economic Journal. 2022;7(9). (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.55186/2413046X_2022_7_9_526

8. Platonovskiy N.G., Mukhametzyanov R.R., Dzhancharova G.K. et al. Production and foreign trade of fruit and berry products in the countries of the European Union. International Agricultural Journal. 2021;64(6). (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/2588-0209-2021-10432

9. Dzhancharova G.K., Mukhametzyanov R.R., Platonovskiy N.G. et al. Russia and other countries in the international citrus fruit trade. Moscow Economic Journal. 2021;12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/2413-046X-2021-10727

10. Udalova Z.V., Mukhametzyanov R.R. Development dynamics of modern fruit and vegetable market in Russia. Vestnik Rossiyskoy tamozhennoy akademii. 2015;3:36-45. (In Russ.)

11. Velibekova L.A. Economic aspects of production and consumption of fresh and processed fruit and berry products. AIC: Economics, Management. 2022;6:72-80. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33305/226-72

12. Zubkov A.V., Tissen M.V. Ways to increase competitiveness of horticultural manufacturers. Agrarniy vestnik Verkhnevolzh’ya. 2018;2(23):126-132. (In Russ.)

13. Obukhova N.I., Ibrasheva L.R., Bystrenina I.E. et al. Changes in global and Russian imports of fruit and berry products. Stolypin annals. 2023;5(7). (In Russ.)

14. Official site of the Food and Agriculture Organisation database. (In Russ.) URL: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL

15. Vorontsova N.V., Ostapchuk T.V., Sviridova L.A. et al. Banana production and international trade: volumes, subjects, importance in ensuring global food security. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology Integral. 2022;5. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.55186/27131424_2022_4_9_18

16. Goncharov A.V., Akimova S.V., Panova M.B. Vegetable growing, fruit growing, viticulture. Balashikha: Rossiyskiy gosudarstvenniy agrarniy zaochniy universitet, 2020:104. (In Russ.)

17. Suglobov A.E., Adukova A.N. Self-sufficiency in fruit and berry products: state, problems, directions for their solution. Ekonomika sel’skogo khozyaystva Rossii. 2023;9:54-63. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32651/239-54

18. Velibekova L.A. Increasing the efficiency of production and industrial processing of fruit and berry products based on intensification. Mezhdunarodnyi sel’skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2022;5(389):511-516. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2022_65_5_511

19. Zubkov A.V., Tissen M.V. Market of fruit and berries in Russia: state and prospects. Agrarniy vestnik Verkhnevolzh’ya. 2016;2(14):73-78. (In Russ.)

20. Velibekova L.A. Fruit subcomplex and problems of food supply of the population in the EAEU states. Ekonomika, trud, upravlenie v sel’skom khozyaystve. 2022;11(93):157-161. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33938/2211-157