Study of lipid metabolic indicators in rowers at different exercise intensities

Sports training in cyclic sports with the predominant manifestation of endurance, including rowing, is associated with processes of adaptation to the load for 1 to 1.5 hours. The sources of energy during long intensive training are not only muscle glycogen, but also fat and fat-like substances. In this connection, the authors studied the processes of restructuringand adaptation of the organism of rowers to different intensities of physical load by lipid metabolism. The study involved 15 athletes (males) aged 18 to 21 years with the sport qualification «Candidate Master of Sports in Rowing». The main fractions of the lipid spectrum were studied: phospholipids, free cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, mono-, di-, triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, as well as the spectrum of lipoprotein fractions: chylomicrons, pre-β-lipoproteins, remnants, β-lipoproteins, α-lipoproteins, a complex of non-esterified fatty acids with albumin. The studies showed that among the main fractions of the lipid spectrum, the concentration of the non-esterified fatty acid complex was higher than normal by 22.6% after the 7-minute exercise and by 49.6% after the 60-minute exercise, i.e. good functioning of the transport form for free fatty acids, which is important for energy exchange, was recorded. There was a 12.8% increase in phospholipids after the 7-minute exercise and a 17.6% increase after the 60-minute exercise. There was also a 25.3% increase in free cholesterol after the 7-minute exercise and a 36.8% increase after the 60-minute exercise. Unesterified fatty acid content was normal (greater than 0.45 g/l) before the test exercise, but increased by 49.1% (p < 0.05) after the 7-minute exercise. At the 60-minute exercise, this increase flattened and decreased by 17.7% (p<0.05) compared to the 7-minute exercise, but remained 22.6% (p<0.05) above the initial value. It is concluded that non-esterified fatty acids make an important contribution to the supply of lipids for oxidation during endurance exercise.

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