Экогеохимические особенности ампелоценозов как объектов почвенно-экологического мониторинга

В статье анализируются отличительные экогеохимические особенности виноградников как объекта почвенно-экологического мониторинга на примере собственных исследований авторов, проведенных в течение 2021-2024 гг. в ряде винодельческих хозяйств юго-западной части Крыма и района Фрушка Гора Автономного края Воеводина Республики Сербия. С учетом выраженного проявления экологических рисков и необходимости применения комплексных методических подходов для системного анализа проблемных экологических ситуаций предлагается дополнить классическую программу почвенно-экологических изысканий экогеохимическими и экотоксикологическими исследованиями с выявлением лимитирующих показателей загрязнения почв ампелоценозов и оценкой рисков миграции загрязняющих веществ в системе «Почва – виноградная лоза – продукция виноградарства и виноделия». В качестве диагностического инструмента раннего выявления негативных изменений в агроэкосистемах виноградников может выступить определение биологической активности почвы по показателям почвенного дыхания и рассчитанных на их основе экофизиологических индексов, демонстрирующих текущий статус почвенного микробиома.

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