Botanical and geographical analysis of the dendroflora in the landscapes of the estates of the Kologrivsky Forest Biosphere Reserve

Studies of the dendroflora of estates are relevant and allow to identify the species most resistant to local conditions, their biological and ecological features, and to develop practical recommendations for the protection and restoration of historical landscapes. The aim of the study is to carry out botanical and geographical analysis of the dendroflora in the landscapes of old estates located in the cooperation zone of the Kologrivsky Forest Biosphere Reserve (Kostroma Region). The objects of the study are 14 noble estates located within the boundaries of the cooperation zone of the Kologrivsky Forest Biosphere Reserve. The materials for the study were data from field surveys conducted in 2022-2024 and information on the spatial planning features of the estates presented in literary sources. All the collected materials on previously planted trees and shrubs were systematized, and the assignment of species to floristic complexes and habitat types was carried out using data from open electronic resources. The conducted study showed that the dendroflora of the noble estates of the cooperation zone of the Kologrivsky Forest Biosphere Reserve includes 43 species and hybrids belonging to 15 families. The largest number of species belongs to such families as Rosaceae (11 species), Pinaceae (five species) and Salicaceae (five species and hybrids). More than half of the species (58%) are adventitious (neophytes), of which 28% are native, 9% are cultivated and 5% are hybrids. The large share of the nemoral group (33%) indicates the artificial selection of tree species from the native flora, which have high decorative properties or having food value. Among the adventitious species used in landscaping there are mainly species (more than 2/3) whose natural range is limited to Europe (1), Europe and Siberia (2), Europe and Asia (3) or their individual botanical and geographical zones. Thus, the dendroflora of the estates shows signs of strong anthropogenic transformation.

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