Накопления элементов в системе «Почва-растение» Capparis spinosa L., произрастающего в различных регионах: сравнительный аспект

Capparis spinosa L. представляет собой ксерофитный вид, обладающий высокой устойчивостью к засухе, экстремальным температурам и дефициту почвенной влаги. Благодаря своим биологическим особенностям растение эффективно предотвращает эрозию почв и сдерживает процессы деградации земель. Работа посвящена изучению роли минерального обмена в адаптации C. spinosa к условиям засоления. На основе сравнительного анализа элементного состава почв и вегетативных органов растений, отобранных в контрастных экотопах, выявлены ключевые механизмы солеустойчивости данного вида. В почвах и образцах C. spinosa идентифицированы и количественно определены 25 элементов: 9 макроэлементов (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, Sr, S, P), 12 микроэлементов и 4 тяжелых металла (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg). Содержание макроэлементов в почвах уменьшалась в такой последовательности: Ca, Fe, Al, K, Na, Mg, Sr, P, S. В исследуемых образцах C. spinosa обнаружена высокоэффективная аккумуляция калия (К) (КБП > 10), тогда как для серы (S), фосфора (P) и натрия (Na) проявляются свойства гипераккумуляции (КБП > 1.0–10.0), а для магния (Mg) и стронция (Sr) средней аккумуляцией (КБП > 0.1–1.0). C. spinosa аккумулирует кальций (Ca), железо (Fe) и алюминий (Al) в ограниченных количествах для осуществления метаболических процессов (КБП > 0.01–0.1).

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