Physiological mechanisms of students’ adaptation to strength training

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the physiological mechanisms of students’ adaptation to regular strength training, based on the assessment of cardiovascular system indicators, heart rate variability, muscle strength, and subjective load tolerance. The study involved students aged 19–25 from the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy who regularly engage in strength training. The results showed that systematic strength training promotes stable adaptive changes, manifested as increased parasympathetic influence on heart rate, reduced resting heart rate, and enhanced functional reserves of the cardiovascular system. At the level of the musculoskeletal system, an increase in muscle strength and improved neuromuscular coordination were observed. It was established that adequate periodization of strength training and sufficient recovery are key factors in forming positive adaptive responses. The findings confirm that students’ physiological adaptation to strength training is systemic and depends on the training intensity, volume, and regularity. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential to use the results for optimizing strength training programs for students, preventing overstrain, and enhancing overall physical performance.