Regional floras are formed by species whose habitats are characterized by different sizes and types, which is associated with the stages of development of the flora against the background of the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The latitude-longitudinal analysis makes it possible to identify geographical relationships and to determine the geographical type of the flora. The aim of the work is to perform a geographical analysis of the flora of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve (Kostroma region). The current floristic list was compiled on the basis of the authors’ field studies from 2010 to 2023, as well as data from literature and herbarium collections. Literature sources, open electronic resources (GBIF, INaturalist) containing data on species records were used to assign species to a specific floristic complex and habitat type. Zonally, the flora of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve is characterized by a predominance of plurizonal (47%), taiga (28%) and subtaiga (18%) floristic complexes, nemoral species account for 5%, and hypoarctic-boreal and forest-steppe species account for 1% each, which is consistent with the zonal position of the study area. In terms of longitude, the leading habitat types in the flora of the reserve are Eurasian (28%), Holarctic (25%), Euro-Siberian (20%) and European (10%). The remaining longitudinal groups account for 17% of the total number of species identified. The predominance of species with large ranges, the heterogeneous composition of the latitudinal and longitudinal groups, and the absence of endemic taxa indicate the migratory nature of the flora and its relative youth. The studies carried out make it possible to monitor the dynamics of the relationship the between latitudinal and longitudinal groups of vascular plants and to identify further directions of flora migration.

The relevance of the article is conditioned by the fragmentation of not only official, but also scientific ideas about the contribution of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills to environmental pollution, the fragmentation of hydrobiological research as such, and the need for reliable data on the structure and mechanisms of formation of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the work is to discover the unity and differences in the state of aquatic ecosystems formed in the zone of influence of MSW landfills similar in life cycle stage (already closed and reconstructed). The objectives of the work were to select four representative closed MSW landfills, to collect official data on their technical condition, to conduct a comprehensive environmental survey with obligatory sampling and hydrobiological and hydrochemical analyses, to analyze the results in terms of assessing compliance with standards, to search for the dependence of pollution on the life cycle stage of the MSW landfill and to formulate assumptions about the conditions of ecosystem formation under the effect of a complex of anthropogenic impacts (including those not related to the MSW landfills). The article presents the results of an environmental study of the tributaries of the Likhoborka river (near the Dolgoprudnensky MSW landfill), a tributary of the Radomlya river (in the village Radumlya near the former illegal MSW landfill), the Nara River (near the Sliznevo MSW landfill), and the Chernichka River (near the Tsarevo MSW landfill). Descriptions of other economic objects in their catchment areas and assumptions about the possible contribution of these additional sources to the pollution of aquatic ecosystems are given. The methodology of investigation, sampling for hydrochemical and hydrobiological analyses and their results are presented. Moderate pollution both before and after the MSW landfills was determined by calculating the Pantle-Buck index. Changes in species composition and abundance at the second site relative to the first site were monitored. The WPI calculation revealed generally moderate background pollution (higher in the Dolgoprudny area due to at least four concentrated discharges not associated with the MSW landfill, and lower in the ecologically safe area due to proximity to the source and the unloaded background of Tsarevo). Characteristic increases in pollutant concentrations (mainly ammonium, which is problematic for all areas) were observed. The conclusion about the relatively small contribution of the closed MSW landfills to river pollution was formulated.

The priority of conservation and biomonitoring of rare plant communities is relevant for the old developed region – Bryansk Region; the inventory of forest biocenoses of the Green Book of the region will allow not only to clarify the conservation significance of communities, but also to plan the development of a network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA), increasing their efficiency. The habitats of 10 natural monuments in the Bryansk Region were surveyed to identify and describe the forest communities of the Green Book, represented by oak and ash forest formations. For the purposes of biomonitoring of phytocenoses with the analysis of syntaxonomic diversity, we created observation bases – phytocenotic tables – for six associations and one subassociation. The article presents for the first time the presence of biocenoses of the rare subassociation Mercurialo perennis-Quercetum roboris carpinetosum betuli Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015 in the natural monument “Khutor Lyubin” of the Novozybkovsky district, the rare association Ulmo laevis-Fraxinetum excelsioris Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008 – for the “Old park in Lyalichi” of the Surazh district, Bryansk Region. The diversity of the ecological and phytocenotic structure of the studied forest communities is determined by the differentiation of habitats, the presence of a buffer zone, the area of protected natural areas, and the stage of demutational restorative post-anthropogenic successions. It is noted that the cenotic and structural characteristics of rare and reference forest communities correspond to the model descriptions in the Green Book of the Bryansk Region. Using the method of ecological-floristic classification by J. Braun-Blanquet (1964), a new subassociation with the participation of Sanicula europaea L. was established, which reveals the heterogeneity of biotopes and a favorable phytocenotic environment of a regionally rare species. The units of ecological-floristic classification of forest biocenoses made it possible to establish the presence of valuable biotopes of the EUNIS-ESy system (2020) as criterion features: category T – “Forest and other wooded lands” with four species: T1B, T19, T13, T1E. The conducted studies as an experience of long-term studies of communities of the unique nature conservation catalog of the Green Book will contribute to the preparation and publication of similar lists and solution of the problem of protection of plant communities in Russia.

Aquarium plants as an object of modern landscape gardening are of increasing interest to both amateurs and professionals. The aim of the research is to study the clonal micropropagation features of Alternanthera reineckii Briq. for further use in aquascaping. At the actual micropropagation stage, the Quoirin & Lepoivre (QL) nutrient medium was used with the addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) at different concentrations. When the optimum concentration of 6-BAP was used, the multiplication rate for A. reineckii Rosanervig was 4.4 and for A. reineckii Rosaefolia – 3.4. The obtained results can be used in industrial aquascaping for mass production of planting material of aquatic plants.

The problem of finding the most complete protein components that can be used in poultry farming is currently urgent, as the cost of feed in poultry farming reaches 70%. The most popular methods for evaluating nutrient availability in the organism of productive animals are fistula technologies. In this work, the authors used a new technique to evaluate the palatability and nutritional properties of two soybean products in the diet of broiler chickens. The comparative analysis showed that soybean cake (EcoSoy) was the most preferred feed ingredient, increasing trypsin activity by 30.2% and lipase activity by 114% compared to meal in the first postprandial phase (after 60 min). In the second postprandial phase (after 120 min), the differences were not reliable, but a tendency to increase activity was observed in the experimental group (by 17.2%).

The article presents the material of studies of rumen digesta of sheep fed soybean production waste (straw and forage) as their main diet. The results obtained show that soybean straw and soybean forage increase the level of urea and VFA in the rumen digesta by 54 and 31%, respectively. The total number of infusoria also increased by almost 2.8 times compared to the conventional hay concentrate diet. The results obtained during the experiment give an idea of the level of digestion of nutrients contained in soybean waste, which in turn allows for more rational and complete organization of the process of animal feeding and effective use of feed resources.

When breeding frogs on a farm, it is necessary to monitor their health status, and the most convenient method of control is a blood test. Hematological parameters of marsh frogs were studied before and after spawning. After hibernation at a temperature of 4°C from the first week in the pool, the frogs were subjected to hormonal stimulation with a mixture of drugs “Gonadotropin chorionic” and “Surfagon”, the next day successful spawning with 100% fertilization of eggs was observed. A reduced number of red blood cells was found in the blood of frogs after spawning. The proportion of neutrophils and eosinophils in the leukogram of frogs after spawning decreased, the number of monocytes increased 3 times, the proportion of basophils increased. The stimulated spawning of the marsh frog was reproduced for the first time in captivity under the control of an analysis of hematological parameters, which showed the possibility of using this process in raniculture conditions.

The red claw crayfish has only recently been farmed under industrialized conditions. It is important to monitor and evaluate the physiological state of cultured animals and to establish assessment criteria and reference values for hemolymph parameters as a circulating fluid. The results of a lifetime study of the hemolymph of the Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) are presented. Reference values of indicators of cellular composition of the hemolymph were determined. A number of gender differences were revealed: the value of the total number of hemocytes is higher in males; the proportion of semi-granulocytes in the hemogram of males is higher than in females, granulocytes and juvenile forms of hemocytes are correspondingly lower. The results obtained can be used to assess the physiological state of the Australian red claw crayfish during their life cycle in closed water systems under industrial conditions.

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which currently account for a significant proportion of the total number of pathologies and are one of the main causes of mortality. At the same time, the mechanisms leading to the occurrence of pathophysiological processes in obesity are poorly studied, and the study of the direct influence of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on vascular contractile activity has only recently begun. In this regard, the present study was undertaken to investigate the contractile activity of the rat aorta in normals and in diet-induced metabolic disorders. The work was carried out at the Laboratory of Physiology of Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems of Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The modelling of obesity in rats was carried out using a cafeteria diet, and the analysis of contractile activity parameters was carried out using the results of wire myography of isolated vessels. It was found that obesity results in the loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue on the aortic smooth muscle preventing the development of increased vasoconstriction in normals. Identifying the existing cause-effect relationships between adipose tissue and the state of the vessel wall, which determines the adequate blood supply to the tissues, may provide the basis for new approaches to solving the problem of developing ways to reduce the negative effects of obesity.

This article discusses different methods for diagnosing stress response in broiler chickens and the effect of stress-correcting drugs on stress indicators. Stocking rate was used as a stressor in our study. Its increase has a significant effect on the antioxidant status of the chick’s body. The addition of anti-stress drugs to broiler diets reduces the negative effect of stressors. The assessment of stress sensitivity using the tonic immobility method is promising for the prevention of mortality in poultry production.

The article presents the material on the effect of fitness training on the cardiovascular system of female students. The study was conducted on the basis of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy during the academic year 2022-2023. The author’s method of fitness boxing in the educational process of Physical Training in a higher educational institution was tested. The essence of the experiment is that the smaller the difference in heart rate before and during a special exercise, the greater the endurance of the heart muscle. As a result of the conducted research, the level of physical fitness of female students was increased by 51.5% and the cardiovascular system was improved by 39.1% in the course of fitness training. The results of the experimental work allowed to select a number of special fitness box exercises as control exercises for the assessment of the level of physical fitness and the degree of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical load in female students.